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HISTORY OF INT. WOMEN'S DAY
International Women's Day (8 March) is an occasion marked by women's groups
around the world. This date is also commemorated at the United Nations and
is designated in many countries as a national holiday. When women on all
continents, often divided by national boundaries and by ethnic, linguistic,
cultural, economic and political differences, come together to celebrate
their Day, they can look back to a tradition that represents at least nine
decades of struggle for equality, justice, peace and development.
International Women's Day is the story of ordinary women as makers of
history; it is rooted in the centuries-old struggle of women to participate
in society on an equal footing with men. In ancient Greece, Lysistrata
initiated a sexual strike against men in order to end war; during the French
Revolution,
Parisian women calling for "liberty, equality, fraternity"
marched on Versailles to demand women's suffrage. The idea of an
International Women's Day first arose at the turn of the century, which in
the industrialized world was a period of expansion and turbulence, booming
population growth and radical ideologies. Following is a brief chronology of
the most important events:
1909
In
accordance with a declaration by the Socialist Party of America, the first
National Woman's Day was observed across the United States on 28 February.
Women continued to celebrate it on the last Sunday of that month through
1913.
1910
The
Socialist International, meeting in Copenhagen, established a Women's Day,
international in character, to honour the movement for women's rights and to
assist in achieving universal suffrage for women. The proposal was greeted
with unanimous approval by the conference of over 100 women from 17
countries, which included the first three women elected to the Finnish
parliament. No fixed date was selected
for the observance.
The Role
of the United Nations
Over the
years, United Nations action for the advancement of women has taken four
clear directions:
•
promotion of legal measures;
•
mobilization of public opinion and international
action;
•
training and research, including the compilation
of gender desegregated statistics;
and direct
assistance to disadvantaged groups. Today a central organizing principle of
the work of the United Nations is that no enduring solution to society's
most threatening social, economic and political problems can be found
without the full participation, and the full empowerment, of the world's
women.
Published
by the United Nations Department of Public Information--DPI/1878--January 1997
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